2 - RUSSIAN CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY in Ukraine 2022
#StandWithUkraine #StopRussianAggression #StopPutin
Tuesday, 8 March 2022
1 - RUSSIAN CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY in Ukraine 2022
#StandWithUkraine #StopRussianAggression #StopPutin
Saturday, 26 February 2022
220226 08:15 fb - INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT
ROME STATUTE OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT, 1998
PREAMBLE - The States Parties to this Statute,
Conscious that all peoples are united by common bonds, their cultures pieced together in a shared heritage, and concerned that this delicate mosaic may be shattered at any time,
Mindful that during this century millions of children, women and men have been victims of unimaginable atrocities that deeply shock the conscience of humanity,
Recognizing that such grave crimes threaten the peace, security and well-being of the world,
Affirming that the most serious crimes of concern to the international community as a whole must not go unpunished and that their effective prosecution must be ensured by taking measures at the national level and by enhancing international cooperation,
Determined to put an end to impunity for the perpetrators of these crimes and thus to contribute to the prevention of such crimes,
Recalling that it is the duty of every State to exercise its criminal jurisdiction over those responsible for international crimes,
Reaffirming the Purposes and Principles of the Charter of the United Nations, and in particular that all States shall refrain from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any State, or in any other manner inconsistent with the Purposes of the United Nations,
Emphasizing in this connection that nothing in this Statute shall be taken as authorizing any State Party to intervene in an armed conflict or in the internal affairs of any State,
Determined to these ends and for the sake of present and future generations, to establish an independent permanent International Criminal Court in relationship with the United Nations system, with jurisdiction over the most serious crimes of concern to the international community as a whole,
Emphasizing that the International Criminal Court established under this Statute shall be complementary to national criminal jurisdictions,
Resolved to guarantee lasting respect for and the enforcement of international justice,
Have agreed as follows
Conscious that all peoples are united by common bonds, their cultures pieced together in a shared heritage, and concerned that this delicate mosaic may be shattered at any time,
Mindful that during this century millions of children, women and men have been victims of unimaginable atrocities that deeply shock the conscience of humanity,
Recognizing that such grave crimes threaten the peace, security and well-being of the world,
Affirming that the most serious crimes of concern to the international community as a whole must not go unpunished and that their effective prosecution must be ensured by taking measures at the national level and by enhancing international cooperation,
Determined to put an end to impunity for the perpetrators of these crimes and thus to contribute to the prevention of such crimes,
Recalling that it is the duty of every State to exercise its criminal jurisdiction over those responsible for international crimes,
Reaffirming the Purposes and Principles of the Charter of the United Nations, and in particular that all States shall refrain from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any State, or in any other manner inconsistent with the Purposes of the United Nations,
Emphasizing in this connection that nothing in this Statute shall be taken as authorizing any State Party to intervene in an armed conflict or in the internal affairs of any State,
Determined to these ends and for the sake of present and future generations, to establish an independent permanent International Criminal Court in relationship with the United Nations system, with jurisdiction over the most serious crimes of concern to the international community as a whole,
Emphasizing that the International Criminal Court established under this Statute shall be complementary to national criminal jurisdictions,
Resolved to guarantee lasting respect for and the enforcement of international justice,
Have agreed as follows
220225 22:20 fb - Little Ukraine
the whole world
is afraid of Putin
and only one
little
poor Ukraine
does not fall
before him on
her knees
I pray for
you my
Ukraine,
glory to Ukraine
is afraid of Putin
and only one
little
poor Ukraine
does not fall
before him on
her knees
I pray for
you my
Ukraine,
glory to Ukraine
Monday, 29 October 2018
Manifesto del Costruttivismo Operativo 2018
1. MONDO INDIVIDUALE. Benchè l'ambiente sia lo stesso per tutti, ognuno vive in un proprio mondo individuale (grazie A. Schopenhauer).
2. RIVOLUZIONE COPERNICANA. In questo mondo proprio, che ognuno costruisce per se stesso, gli oggetti si conformano al pensiero (grazie I. Kant).
3. OPERAZIONI. Per costruire servono operandi, operazioni e schemi ( grazie S. Ceccato): insieme costituiscono la facoltà dei costrutti mentali, non delle rappresentazioni.
4. AUTOPOIESI. Questa facoltà di costruzione dei costrutti mentali funziona in modo autopoietico (grazie H. Maturana): i risultati del costruire estendono quella facoltà che li ha costruiti (dualismo risultato-funzione).
5. AUTO-ORGANIZZAZIONE. In tal modo, nel corso del fare, si forma un sistema auto-organizzato e intelligente (grazie J. Piaget), un tutto organico fatto di costrutti mentali confrontati e connessi (grazie I. Kant)
6. VIABILITÀ. In questo sistema la priorità appartiene ai costrutti mentali viabili, quelli cioè che superano la prova del fare (grazie E. von Glasersfeld).
7. MONDO INTERNO. Pertanto questo mondo proprio è un mondo interno, composto da oggetti, eventi, nostri simili, rapporti, interazioni sociali, etc. costruiti mentalmente: tutte cose che ognuno costruisce da sè e per sè.
8. MONDO ESTERNO. Il mondo esterno (mondo fisico) mette a disposizione materiale per la costruzione dei costrutti mentali e viene utilizzato come ambiente per metterli alla prova.
9. ESPERIENZA. Dalla regolazione accoppiata di mondo interno ed esterno (processi da regolare) mediante il pensiero (regolatore) risulta l'esperienza.
10. CONOSCENZA. Il proprio mondo nel quale ognuno di noi vive, è pertanto soprattutto un mondo esperienziale (grazie E. von Glasersfeld) e la conoscenza è la logica di questa esperienza.
11. RESPONSABILITÀ. Ne consegue che la responsabilità per la conoscenza appartiene a chi è portatore dell'esperienza (grazie H. von Förster).
Marco Bettoni
26.10.2018
2. RIVOLUZIONE COPERNICANA. In questo mondo proprio, che ognuno costruisce per se stesso, gli oggetti si conformano al pensiero (grazie I. Kant).
3. OPERAZIONI. Per costruire servono operandi, operazioni e schemi ( grazie S. Ceccato): insieme costituiscono la facoltà dei costrutti mentali, non delle rappresentazioni.
4. AUTOPOIESI. Questa facoltà di costruzione dei costrutti mentali funziona in modo autopoietico (grazie H. Maturana): i risultati del costruire estendono quella facoltà che li ha costruiti (dualismo risultato-funzione).
5. AUTO-ORGANIZZAZIONE. In tal modo, nel corso del fare, si forma un sistema auto-organizzato e intelligente (grazie J. Piaget), un tutto organico fatto di costrutti mentali confrontati e connessi (grazie I. Kant)
6. VIABILITÀ. In questo sistema la priorità appartiene ai costrutti mentali viabili, quelli cioè che superano la prova del fare (grazie E. von Glasersfeld).
7. MONDO INTERNO. Pertanto questo mondo proprio è un mondo interno, composto da oggetti, eventi, nostri simili, rapporti, interazioni sociali, etc. costruiti mentalmente: tutte cose che ognuno costruisce da sè e per sè.
8. MONDO ESTERNO. Il mondo esterno (mondo fisico) mette a disposizione materiale per la costruzione dei costrutti mentali e viene utilizzato come ambiente per metterli alla prova.
9. ESPERIENZA. Dalla regolazione accoppiata di mondo interno ed esterno (processi da regolare) mediante il pensiero (regolatore) risulta l'esperienza.
10. CONOSCENZA. Il proprio mondo nel quale ognuno di noi vive, è pertanto soprattutto un mondo esperienziale (grazie E. von Glasersfeld) e la conoscenza è la logica di questa esperienza.
11. RESPONSABILITÀ. Ne consegue che la responsabilità per la conoscenza appartiene a chi è portatore dell'esperienza (grazie H. von Förster).
Marco Bettoni
26.10.2018
Saturday, 27 October 2018
The Operational Constructivism Manifesto 2018
1.
OWN WORLD. Although we share the same environment, each
of us lives in his own world (thank you A.
Schopenhauer).
2.
COPERNICAN REVOLUTION. In this own world, that
every human being constructs for her/himself, the objects conform to her/his
knowing (thank you I. Kant).
3.
OPERATIONS. For constructing you need
operands, operations and schemata (thank you S. Ceccato): together they form a faculty of mental constructs, not
a faculty of representations.
4.
AUTOPOIESIS. This faculty of mental
constructs works in an autopoietic way (thank you H. Maturana): the outcomes of constructing extend that same
faculty, which constructed them (outcome-function dualism).
5.
SELF-ORGANIZATION. In this way, in the course
of doing, a self-organizing, intelligent system comes into being (thank you J. Piaget), a whole of compared and
connected mental constructs (thank you I.
Kant).
6.
VIABILITY. In this system priority belongs to viable
mental constructs, i.e. those which stand the test of doing (thank you E. von Glasersfeld).
7. INNER WORLD. Hence, this own world, is an inner world, made of mentally constructed
objects, events, human beings, relationships, social interactions, etc.: all
things that each of us constructs by her/himself.
8.
OUTER WORLD. The outer world (physical
world) provides material for the construction of mental constructs and is used
as environment for testing their viability.
9.
EXPERIENCE. From the coupled control
of the outer and inner world (controlled processes) by means of thinking
(control unit) arises experience.
10.
KNOWLEDGE. The own world in which each of us lives, is
hence primarily an experiential world (thank you E. von Glasersfeld) and knowledge is the logic of this experience.
11.
RESPONSIBILITY. Consequently, the
responsibility for knowledge, belongs to the bearer of experience (thank you H. von Förster).
Marco Bettoni
Basel, 26. Oktober 2018
Friday, 26 October 2018
Operationaler Konstruktivismus: Manifest 2018
- Bei gleicher Umgebung lebt doch jede/r in der eigenen Welt (danke A. Schopenhauer).
- In dieser eigenen Welt, die jeder Mensch für sich konstruiert, richten sich die Gegenstände nach seinem Denken («kopernikanische Wende», danke I. Kant).
- Zum Konstruieren braucht es Operanden, Operationen und Schemata (danke S. Ceccato): zusammen bilden sie ein Vermögen der Vorstellungen (mentale Konstrukte), nicht der Darstellungen (Repräsentationen).
- Dieses Vermögen der Konstruktion von Vorstellungen funktioniert autopoietisch (danke H. Maturana): die Ergebnisse des Konstruierens erweitern jenes Vermögen, das sie konstruiert hat (Ergebnis-Funktion Dualismus)
- So entsteht im Laufe des Tuns ein selbstorganisierendes, intelligentes System (danke J. Piaget), ein Ganzes verglichener und verknüpfter Vorstellungen (danke I. Kant).
- In diesem System haben viable Vorstellungen Priorität, d.h. jene, die sich im Tun bewähren (danke E. von Glasersfeld).
- Diese eigene Welt ist somit eine innere Welt bestehend aus vorgestellten Gegenständen, Ereignissen, Mitmenschen, Relationen, sozialen Interaktionen, usw.: alles Dinge, die jede/r für sich konstruiert.
- Die äussere Welt (physische Welt) stellt Material für die Konstruktion der Vorstellungen zur Verfügung und wird als Umgebung für ihre Bewährung benutzt.
- Aus der gekoppelten Regelung der äusseren und inneren Welt (Regelstrecken) durch das Denken (Regler) entsteht Erfahrung.
- Die eigene Welt, in der jeder von uns lebt, ist somit primär eine Erfahrungswelt (danke E. von Glasersfeld) und Wissen ist die Logik dieser Erfahrung.
- Demzufolge liegt die Verantwortung für das Wissen beim Erfahrungsträger (danke H. von Förster).
Basel, 26. Oktober 2018
Friday, 2 December 2016
A Realist and a Constructivist stumbling on a rock
After stumbling on a rock, a Realist says:
- "... rocks, in contrast to our thoughts of rocks, surely do exist outside of thought, a fact that alone explains Alison’s stumbling on this rock along a road in Vermont without first thinking it into existence." From: Johnson D. K. & Silliman M. R. (2009) Bridges to the world. Sense, Rotterdam, page 8.
A Radical Constructivist, after stumbling says:
- "... SOMETHING, in contrast to our thoughts of SOMETHING, surely DOES exist outside of thought, a fact that alone explains Alison’s stumbling on SOMETHING along a road in Vermont without first thinking it into existence ....
- ... BUT TO THINK SOMETHING AS 'STUMBLING' AND SOMETHING AS A 'ROCK' REQUIRES MY OWN MENTAL CONSTRUCTION OF IT AS 'STUMBLING' AND AS A 'ROCK' ..."
http://marco-bettoni.blogspot.ch/2010/12/david-k-johnson-sleepysand-in-minds-eye.html
Sunday, 2 October 2016
Mit Aristoteles an den Grenzen des Wissens stossen ... mit Kant darüber hinaus?
Aristoteles philosophische Schriften zu lesen heisst, an den Grenzen unseres Wissens vorzustossen – denn auch heute noch, 2‘338 Jahre nach seinem Tod, stehen wir an derselben Grenze, an die er uns geführt hat, z.B. in Fragen der Erkenntnistheorie.
Wir denken zwar, wir hätten jene Grenze überschritten und unser Wissen erweitert: aber das ist nur Wunschdenken und Illusion. Wir stehen noch auf dieser Seite der Grenze, dort wo Aristoteles schon gestanden ist und werden sie nur überschreiten, wenn wir sein Werk weniger als Antwort auf Fragen sondern vielmehr als Anregung zum Nachdenken begreifen werden.
Immanuel Kant hat uns in seiner "Kritik der reinen Vernunft" den Weg dieser Grenzüberschreitung gewiesen, aber wer versteht schon seine Kernbotschaft?
Beispiel
Aus "Über die Seele" (De Anima, Περί ψυχής), ein Werk in dem Aristoteles "unter anderem Fragen der Erkenntnistheorie, der Philosophie des Geistes, der philosophischen Psychologie und der Handlungstheorie" (https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_anima) anspricht:- ὁ μὲν γὰρ λόγος ὅδε τοῦ πράγματος, ἀνάγκη δ' εἶναι τοῦτον ἐν ὕλῃ τοιᾳδί, εἰ ἔσται· (Περί ψυχής, Buch A, 403b)
- Übersetzung (eigene): Denn während der Begriff dies ist für den Gegenstand, muss er in jener Materie sein, um zu sein.
- Übersetzung mit Erläuterungen: Denn während der Begriff (λόγος) dies (ὅδε, bezogen auf εἶδος = „Form“ im vorangehenden Satz) ist für den Gegenstand (τοῦ πράγματος), muss er in jener (bezogen auf „Materie“ im vorangehenden Satz) Materie (ὕλῃ) sein, um zu sein (εἰ ἔσται – um zu existieren).
Hier geht es um die Beziehung zwischen Begriff (λόγος) und Gegenstand
(πράγμα). Aristoteles verwendet dafür die Relation Form zu Materie und ein nicht näher
beschriebener, stillschweigend angenommener Mechanismus, wodurch der Begriff sich in
der Materie verwirklicht (Vergegenständlichung). Nun ist genau dieser
Mechanismus der entscheidende Punkt, um die Grenze des Wissens in dieser grundlegenden Thematik zu überschreiten! Aristoteles kümmert sich nicht
darum: aber er führt uns zu diesem Punkt der Grenze unseres Wissens und es liegt nun an uns:
- dies zu merken
- Wege zu finden um die Grenze zu überschreiten
Saturday, 2 April 2016
How to strengthen your soul - My way
Responsibility for what we know is not always easy, requires, among other, a strong soul. The path depicted in this picture shows my current way of strengthening my soul, work in progress ...
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)